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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

أهم أسئلة النظري الخاصة بالهيد والنيك

بإجاباتها

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Question 1

Give the attachments, nerve supply and action of occipito-frontalis muscle

تقييم السؤال:

غير هام كسؤال نظري

ولكن هام جدا في الأسئلة القصيرة

Answer

Origin:
1. Occipitalis: lateral parts of highest nuchal lines
2. Frontalis: Skin and superficial fascia of the eye brow
Insertion:
1. Occipitalis: posterior border of the aponeurosis
2. Frontalis: anterior border of the aponeurosis
Nerve Supply:
1. Occipitalis: posterior auricular branch of facial nerve
2. Frontalis: temporal branch of facial nerve
Action:
1. Occipitalis: draw the scalp backwards (important in animals)
2. Frontalis: corrugation of forehead in fear or surprise

Question 2

Give the attachments, nerve supply and action of Orbicularis Oculi muscle

تقييم السؤال:

غير هام كسؤال نظري
ولكن هام جدا في الأسئلة القصيرة

Answer

Attachments:

1. Orbital part (the thickest)
arises from

a) Nasal part of frontal bone

b) Frontal process of maxilla

c) Medial palpebral ligament, Fibers run around the orbit to be inserted in the medial papebral ligament.

Some fibers are inserted into skin and subcutaneous tissue of eye brow

2. Palpebral part:
arises from medial palpebral ligament and is inserted (interlaced) at the lateral palpebral raphe

3. Lacrimal part:
arises from:

a) lateral surface of lacrimal bone

b) lacrimal crest

c) fascia covering the lacrimal sac

then inserted into

a) both tarsi

b) both eyelids

c) lateral palpebral raphe

Nerve Supply:

temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve

Action:

1. Orbital part: firm closure of eyelids (under the will)

2. Palpebral part: light closure of eyelids (as in sleeping)

3. Lacrimal part: draws the eyelids medially helping drainage of tears to the lacrimal sac

يتبع بإذن الله...
[center][center]Question 3

Anatomy OR Describe OR Give attachments, nerve supply, action and relations of buccinator muscle.

[size=25]تقييم السؤال:

هام جدا جدا كسؤال نظري

Answer

Origin:
a) Outer surfaces of sockets of upper three molars
b) Outer surfaces of sockets of lower three molars
c) Anterior border of pterygomandibular raphe.
Course:
Fibers pass towards the angle of the mouth.
Insertion:
a) Central fibers interlace with each other so upper fibers pass to lower lip and lower fibers pass to upper lip.
b) The upper and lower most fibers pass to the corresponding lip.
Nerve supply:
buccal branch of facial nerve.
Action:
(accessory muscle of mastication)
1. It presses the cheeks against gums preventing escape of food during mastication so if paralyzed food and saliva dribble from the paralyzed side
2. Sucking in infants.
3. Whistling and blowing.
Relations:
1.Deeply:
a) Buccal mucosa
b) Buccal glands
2.Superficially:
a) Buccal branch of facial nerve
b) Facial artery
c) Anterior facial vein
d) Buccopharyngeal fascia
e) Buccal pad of fat
f) Parotid duct which pierces it

يتبع بإذن الله....

Question 4

Describe sensory supply of the face

تقييم السؤال:

هام جدا جدا كسؤال نظري

Answer

Supratrochlear nerve:
arises from frontal branch of opthalmic nerve, supplies:
a)medial part of upper eyelid
b)skin of lower part of forehead
2. Supraorbital nerve:
arises from frontal branch of opthalmic nerve, comes out through the corresponding notch to supply:
a)middle part of upper eyelid
b)skin of forehead till lambdoid suture
3.Palpebral branch of lacrimal nerve:
supplies the lateral part of upper eyelid
4.Infratrochlear nerve:
arises from nasociliary branch of opthalmic nerve to supply:
a)lower eyelid
b)small area on upper part of the side of nose

5.External nasal nerve:
arises from nasociliary branch of opthalmic nerve to supply skin of ala and vestibule of the nose
6. Infraorbital nerve:
arises from maxillary nerve, then comes out through corresponding foramen to supply:
a)lower eyelid
b)side of the nose
c)upper lip
7. Zygomaticofacial nerve:
arises from maxillary nerve, then passes through corresponding foramen to supply skin of the cheek
8. Buccal of mandibular:
supplies:
skin of the cheek
9. Mental of mandibular nerve:
comes out through the corresponding foramen to supply lower jaw and lower lip.
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